1. K2: 
K2 lies between Pakistan and China and it is known as the second highest mountain of the world. It is also known as the toughest mountain to climb. It has the height of 8611m and to climb that height is not an easy feat. After reaching certain altitude, people will start to feel oxygen deprivation. This mountain has been nicknamed as the “Savage Mountain”. This nickname itself speaks a lot. Many people have died in their quest to reach its peaks. This is due to its rough and steep path along with its cold and very unpredictable weather. The climbers tend to die when they are about descend the mountain rather than when they are climbing it. Another interesting fact about this mountain is that it is rumored to have been cursed for women.

2. Nanga Parbat: 
Nanga Parbat is another mountain in this list whose altitude is higher than 8000m. It lies in Pakistan and has the height of 8125m. It has been lovingly named as “Man eater” and “Killing Mountain”. The reason behind such names is its high mortality rate. It is mountain made of ice and rock. When it comes to technical difficulty, it comes in par with K2, which is the toughest mountain to climb. Now, you can imagine what it must be like to climb it.

3. Fitz Roy: 
Sometimes when people say “Beauty kills”, then you should believe it. This saying is proved by the Fitz Roy mountain. Your breath will be hitched when you look at it. But, behind its striking beauty lies the story of numerous deaths. It lies in Pantagonia and its height is about one third of Mount Everest. But, do not make the mistake of underestimating it because of its height. It provides high technical difficulties to the climbers. On top of that it is located in a very isolated place and has extremely volatile weather.

4. Kangchenjunga: 
With growing mountaineering techniques and safety measures, people tend to think that it is easy to climb mountains these days. This is the truth regarding many mountains except for Kanchenjunga. No matter how many advanced techniques or safety measures are used, the death toll seen in this mountain is increasing rather than decreasing. It is 8586m high and lies between Nepal and India. The reason why this mountain has claimed many lives are its avalanches and totally unpredictable weather.

5. Annapurna: 
This mountain lies in Nepal and is 8091m high. A total collection of series of peaks are named as Annapurna but, when people say they want to climb Annapurna, then they are referring to the highest peak in that series. This mountain has claimed a large number of lives and is referred to as one of the dangerous mountains. But, with the use of advanced mountaineering techniques and safety measures, the mortality rate has gone down a little.

It isn’t the mountains ahead to climb that wear you out; it’s the pebble in your shoe.

6. The Matterhorn: 
This mountain is a Swiss icon. It lies between Switzerland and Italy and is 4478m high. Despite its low height, it has been able to claim hundreds of lives. The reason for this is the unexpected avalanches and rockfall, high technical difficulties and overcrowding of the climbing route. It is hard to believe that overcrowding is one of the causes of high death rates but, it is the truth.

7. Baintha Brakk: 
Baintha Brakk is also known as “The Ogre”. It is located in Pakistan and is 7285m high. It is known as one of the toughest mountains to climb because of its history and dangerous climb. Even though one batch of climbers was victorious to climb it in 1971, no one dared to climb it until 2001. The reason behind this was that, the first climb was so difficult and dangerous that no one had the guts to think about climbing it. Its altitude, steepness and granite terrain are the reasons of its reign of terror.

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When I walked into Bahadursha Park it was almost three o’clock in the afternoon. It was built in 1858 at the initiative of Nawab Khwaja Abdul Ghani, in the Sadarghat area of Old Dhaka. It was called Victoria Park until 1947 (It was also the year in which the British finally left the Indian Sub-continent). After that, it was renamed after Bahadur Shah II, the last Mughal emperor. However, people still call the place Victoria Park, and not the other way around. Maybe it is easy for them to pronounce the word ‘Victoria’ than the word ‘bahadursha’ or it could simply be that people got used to call the place Victoria Park. Well, I will also stick to people’s preference.

It has been years since I actually went to a place in Old Dhaka. I sat in front of the tall memorial at the eastern side of the park. The afternoon was very hot and humid and I had this feeling that I needed to drink something very badly. I had a small bottle of ‘mineral water’ with me; so I drank from my small bottle as I looked at the tall memorial, which commemorates the ascending of the throne of Queen Victoria as Empress of India and British Empire.

Tall trees with green, vibrating leaves pervaded through its high and wide arc-like opening on the eastern side (there are four such openings on four sides, facing four different directions) as their long and entangled branches moved gently in the afternoon breeze. Bits and pieces of blue sky could be seen through the branches and the leaves. I kept looking at the enchanting scene and started to feel as though I had been transported back to the Victorian Era. The scene really looked like Victorian to me; as though a piece of Victorian England was peering through the opening.

I spent at least an hour, sitting at the same place and enjoying the magnificent scene. A very cool and soothing breeze blew from time to time, only God knows from where, in the midst of unbearable heat of yet another dry and rainless monsoon afternoon.

From ancient time, people travelled far and wide from the places of their origin. Many among them settled down in distant and faraway lands, doing trade and commerce; and eventually took control over the locals. In the process, they left remnants of their own cultures and times. So, there could be bits and pieces of history and cultures of distant lands, waiting to be discovered by us – not so far away from the places we live in. It’s that we never cared to take the time and trouble to get there. When we get there, an entirely new world may open up right in front of us with its origin from the past of a distant land.

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General Description 
Human beings likes to live in a community like other living things because it is social animal. Being a social creation, human lives different from other living things. They like to have well-read family, furnished home, car and lead happy life. Human beings seek to live in harmony with their fellow beings. They love the community and country where their family and the people live. The nation is their family and the country is homeland. Thus, the most powerful passion, respect and love of a man takes place with his country and natural object.

Love with Country 
I love Pakistan because it has given me every this which I have. It is my country, homeland and its love is my blood and soul. This country has educated me, fed me and protected me from all restrictions. It has given me everything it has. This is the land of my forefather and who also loved it. It is my ancestral motherland and every inch of its soil is rich with our sweat and blood. Their bone are buried here. They have become a part of this land. It is most precious and sacred for me. I love it with my heart and soul.

Climates of Pakistan 
Pakistan is a gift of Al Might Allah for us in this world and its soil of Pakistan is full of natural resources. Apart from this, Pakistan has four seasons which is a unique gift of Allah i.e. summer, winter, autumn and spring. Climates of Pakistan remains very good all over the year.

Location of Pakistan 
Pakistan is not just a piece of land to me. It is located in the important and strategically suitable corner of the world. Pakistan is unique in its shape from all world. It is a small country but it has the lowest and highest places of the world.

Unique Assets 
Pakistan is our past, present and our future. It is a new state in the political sense but in reality, it is thousands of years old Indus valley civilization. It is the land, light and castle of Islam. My people have lived here for centuries. Unfortunately, a foreign nation conquered this fair land. They kept it and its descendant bondage for many years. Its people had all along been fighting to free their motherland.

Sacrifices
The people and leadership of Pakistan have offered great sacrifices for the certain of this homeland. Every drip of its dust is colored with the blood of our ancestors. We have paid a great price for it and we all are ready to pay even greater price for its freedom, if it is necessary. This is our country and our homeland. It is the fairest of all lands for us.

Conclusion 
Pakistan is a precious and valuable gift of Al Mighty Allah. Presently, it faces many challenges in the shape of terrorism, foreign and internal challenges. We must protect it from all type of challenges and love it by contributing with their hard work, sincerity and honesty.

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Delphi has survived the ravages of earthquakes and time, although it is hard for us today to imagine why this remote place was the centre of the ancient world. However, it was the home of the sun god Apollo and visited by the rich, famous and nobility of the day.

Delphi is most famous for the oracle, which attracted the visitors to the site. All of them wanted to have advice from Apollo given to them by his priestess.

The priestess in attendance at the oracle did not see visitors every day. She gave her prophecies once a month, for nine months a year, but only if the omens were favourable. There must have been queues of people waiting to hear what their futures held.

Apollo’s priestess spoke while perched on a tripod hanging over a hole in the ground. In recent years archaeologists and geologists discovered that she sat over a fissure through which fairly noxious vapours escaped. The priestess was undoubtedly affected by these, as they were methane, ethane and ethylene. It must gave been a hallucinatory experience.

It is said that this place was discovered by goats and a goatherd, who noticed that his goats were behaving very oddly. He went to investigate and started to prophesy. He wasn’t unique, anyone who went near the fissure did the same.

The priestess gave her prophecies in riddles,so this meant that interpretations wee necessary and sometimes these were woefully wrong. One famous example is when King Croesus (remember the saying as rich as Croesus?) of Lydia visited Delphi and asked the oracle to say whether or not he should attack the Persians. The answer was “Cross the border and a great empire will fall.” Croesus took this to mean that he would be victorious and the Persian empire would be vanquished. What actually happened was that he lost the battle. As a remonstrance to the priestess, and so also to the god Apollo, he sent his chains to Delphi.

In response he was told “”You should have asked which empire would fall.” There was no apology. The priestess and the god Apollo were above reproach.

Delphi was extremely rich as rulers such as Croesus sent their riches to the site of the oracle in the hope that this could favourably influence their fortune. As illustrated in the story of Croesus, however, these gifts did not always work.

These days you come across Delphi suddenly. It nestles between the two ‘Shining’ Rocks on Mount Parnassus. You can’t see it as you approach the ancient site from the road, but suddenly – there it is. There’s a certain ‘Wow’ factor involved.

When you have negotiated the rocks and boulders that strew the site, visit the museum. You’ll need at least three hours to see everything.

If you have time visit Arachova, a good place to stop for lunch, and don’t leave without seeing the nearby 11th century monastery of Osio Loukas. There are some marvellous frescos and icons, the work of Michael Damaskinos, the renowned Cretan icon painter of the 16th century.

Everyone should visit Delphi at least once in a lifetime. It’s an incredible place, even now.

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In just about any introductory textbook on astronomy or primer on cosmology, you’re bound to read that the Universe is expanding (true enough) because space itself is expanding, and like dots painted on a balloon being blown up, the flotsam and jetsam of the Universe is spreading apart, somehow ‘glued’ to that expanding space. How any astronomer or cosmologist can write such claptrap with a straight face is quite beyond me.

My basic premise here is that if space itself is expanding, then space itself is a thing. Common sense tells you that space is not a thing. You cannot see it, hear it, touch it, feel it or taste it. If you think space is a thing, well grab hold of some of it and try to stretch or expand it (but do it in private or others will doubt your sanity). Whether you talk about 3-D space (volume) or the four dimensional space-time (time being the fourth dimension), it is just the empty stage, IMHO, where the drama of real things is played out.

To my way of thinking, not-things (like space, time and dimensions* in general) can be subdivided indefinitely. They are continuous. No matter the length, area or volume, whatever you have can be divided in half and in half again and again and again and you still have a length, area or volume. Things have a built-in limit as to how far that thing in question can be divided down before you hit fundamental bedrock. Sooner or later you hit and enter the realm of the electron, those quarks, neutrinos, photons, gluons, gravitons and other force and matter particles that cannot be divided down any farther. These are things.

Expanding the space

So if space itself is expanding, well that’s nonsense because…

There’s space between your ears, but that doesn’t mean you’re getting a swelled head!

You move through existing space when going from home to the office, to the supermarket or going to a foreign city on business or vacation. When commuting to the office, the distance between home and office doesn’t increase on a daily basis.

The Moon orbits the Earth through existing space. The Moon is getting farther away of the Earth on a daily basis. Even there’s a lot of space between the Earth and the Moon, and the Moon is getting further away from the Earth, that’s not because space is expanding, but because of tidal forces.

The Earth/Moon pair orbits the Sun through existing space. There’s a lot of interplanetary space between the Earth/Moon system and the Sun, but the Earth/Moon to Sun distance hasn’t changed in thousands of millennia.

The Sun (and solar system) orbits around the center of the Milky Way Galaxy though existing space. There’s a lot of interstellar space between the Sun and the galactic center but the Sun isn’t getting any more distant from that center.

So far, so good: even astronomers and cosmologists will agree with that assessment. But all of a sudden, with a snap of their fingers, once out in intergalactic space things move apart, or rather galaxies (of which our Milky Way is one of billions and billions) move apart from other galaxies as if being carried piggyback on an expanding intergalactic space (which however is the same space as interplanetary and interstellar space).

Actually there’s an exception of every galaxy moving away from every other galaxy – clusters of galaxies that are cheek-by-jowl are bound together by their mutual gravity, and sometime in such a cluster galaxies can approach each other. A case in point has our own Milky Way Galaxy, and the Andromeda Galaxy on a collision course, but rest easy, the intersection won’t happen for another five billion years – give or take a million.

But wait, isn’t every galaxy in the observable universe bound or attracted by gravity to every other galaxy? I mean the force of gravity doesn’t extend outwards and then at some point fall off a cliff, or get shut down and off.

If space is expanding, then space is a thing with properties. What are the properties of a thing that expands?

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